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What is Asbestos
and Asbestosis?
Asbestos is the name for a
group of naturally occurring silicate minerals that can be separated
into fibers. The fibers are strong, durable, and resistant to heat and
fire. They are also long, thin and flexible, so that they can even be
woven into cloth.
Because of these qualities, asbestos has been used in
thousands of consumer, industrial, maritime, automotive, scientific
and building products. During the twentieth century, some 30 million
tons of asbestos were used in industrial sites, homes, schools,
shipyards and commercial buildings in the United States.
There are several types of asbestos fibers, of which
three have been used for commercial applications: (1) Chrysotile, or
white asbestos, comes mainly from Canada, and has been very widely
used in the US. It is white-gray in color and found in serpentine
rock. (2) Amosite, or brown asbestos, comes from southern Africa. (3)
Crocidolite, or blue asbestos, comes from southern Africa and
Australia.
Amosite and crocidolite are called amphiboles. This
term refers to the nature of their geologic formation.
Other asbestos fibers that have not been used
commercially are tremolite, actinolite and anthophyllite, although
they are sometimes contaminants in asbestos-containing products. It
should be noted that there are non-fibrous, or non-asbestiform,
variants of tremolite, anthophylite and actinolite, which do not have
the adverse health consequences that result from exposure to
commercial forms of asbestos.
How are people exposed to asbestos? Exposure to asbestos occurs primarily through inhalation, though it
can also be orally ingested. Substances such as automotive brake pads,
floor tiles, wallboard material, fireproofing material, and thermal
insulation products have been and continue to be manufactured with
asbestos. Tiny asbestos fibers or bundles of fibers become dislodged
from such products and become airborne. They can then be inhaled or
can contaminate drinking water and be ingested. Federal agencies have
determined that inhalation of asbestos is hazardous, but studies have
yet to determine anything conclusive about other forms of exposure.
What are the effects of asbestos exposure? Exposure to asbestos does not typically have acute effects. Rather,
exposure over time may result in chronic diseases with long incubation
periods. These include mesothelioma, cancer, and asbestosis.
Mesothelioma – There is also a very rare form of cancer called
mesothelioma whose only known cause is asbestos exposure. This is the
formation of malignant tumors in the linings of the internal organs or
the body’s internal cavities. This disease will be discussed in more
detail below.
Other Forms of Cancer – Because asbestos exposure occurs most
frequently through inhalation, a very common effect is lung cancer.
Many experts feel that cancer of the esophagus, stomach, or intestines
can result from drinking water contaminated with asbestos, but this
has not been proven. As much as thirty years can elapse between
exposure to asbestos and the development of cancer (generally referred
to as the “latency period”).
Asbestosis – Asbestosis is a type of lung disease that has
traditionally afflicted naval shipyard workers. When asbestos fibers
are inhaled, they can get caught in the lung tissue. Asbestosis starts
when the body reacts to the foreign substance by producing an acid
that is intended to destroy it. However, the acid frequently has
little effect on the asbestos fibers and instead scars the tissues of
the lungs. This can impair lung function, even to the point of lung
failure and death. Symptoms include shortness of breath and persistent
coughing. This disease can have a latency period of twenty-five to
forty years.
Other effects of asbestos exposure can include pulmonary hypertension
or immunological effects.
What are
asbestos containing products?
What is common to many asbestos-containing products is
that they were (are) used to contain heat (i.e. thermal insulation.)
It is impossible to list all of the products that have, at one time or
another, contained asbestos. Some of the more common
asbestos-containing products are pipe-covering, insulating cement,
insulating block, asbestos cloth, gaskets, packing materials, thermal
seals, refractory and boiler insulation materials, transite board,
asbestos cement pipe, fireproofing spray, joint compound, vinyl floor
tile, ceiling tile, mastics, adhesives, coatings, acoustical textures,
duct insulation for heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC)
systems, roofing products, insulated electrical wire and panels, and
brake and clutch assemblies.
Some of these products contained a very high
proportion of asbestos, while others contained small amounts.
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not intended to be legal advice. Lawyer-client relationships can
only be formed by written agreement between the parties. All trademarks are
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